This course provides an in-depth understanding of the principles, methodologies, and clinical applications of biochemical tests used in disease diagnosis and patient monitoring. It covers analytical techniques, quality control, interpretation of laboratory results, and their correlation with physiological and pathological conditions. Emphasis is placed on enzyme assays, biomarkers, electrolyte balance, metabolic disorders, and the biochemical basis of diseases such as diabetes, liver dysfunction, and kidney disorders.

This course provides an in-depth understanding of water quality assessment and milk adulteration detection, focusing on the chemical, physical, and microbiological aspects. Students will learn the importance of water and milk safety, methods of analysis, regulatory standards, and the health impacts of contamination and adulteration.